Facts for Kids

Humid subtropical climate is the kind of weather Alabama usually has. That means summers are hot and sticky, and winters are mild. On average the state stays around 64 °F (18 °C) for the year, but summer days often climb above 90 °F (32 °C) in some places.

Alabama gets a lot of rain—about 56 inches each year—so plants grow well. The southern part is warmer because the Gulf of Mexico helps keep it mild, while the northern hills near the Appalachian Mountains can be cooler. Sometimes tropical storms and hurricanes bring heavy rain inland, which people watch carefully because they can cause flooding.

Growing season in southern Alabama can be very long—sometimes up to about 300 days—so farmers can raise many crops. With warm temperatures and plenty of rain, Alabama farms often grow things like cotton, peanuts, vegetables, and they raise chickens and cattle.

Farms are different across the state: the south has a longer season and milder winters, while northern farms must work with a slightly cooler climate. Farming is important because it provides food and jobs, and many people in towns help with packing, selling, and moving farm goods to markets.

Alabama is a state in the southeastern United States. It sits between Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Mississippi to the west, and Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south. The capital city is Montgomery, the biggest city is Huntsville, and the oldest European-founded city is Mobile, started in 1702.

People often call Alabama the Yellowhammer State (after the state bird) or the Heart of Dixie. Big cities like Birmingham help the state’s economy, and college football is a very important part of life and community here.

Huntsville is the largest city in Alabama by population, while Birmingham is a big city known for industry, and Montgomery is the state capital where leaders meet. Mobile sits on the Gulf Coast near Mobile Bay and feels more like the warm, rainy southern part of the state.

These cities are different in shape and jobs: northern cities can be cooler and hillier, and southern cities have longer warm seasons. All of them get plenty of rain, which helps parks and gardens, and their summer heat means people enjoy pools, festivals, and cooling foods.

Redstone Arsenal is one of Alabama’s biggest employers; it is a large government and research center with many workers (about 25,000 in past counts). The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) is also a top employer—teachers, doctors, and hospital staff work there (around 18,700 people). Maxwell Air Force Base is another large employer with thousands of workers.

Beyond these, the State of Alabama and local school systems like the Mobile County Public School System hire many people. Together these places give a lot of jobs in medicine, education, government, research, and support services.

The first Europeans to explore Alabama were Spanish explorers in the 1500s. Later, in 1702 the French set up a small settlement called Old Mobile and then moved it to present-day Mobile in 1711. For many years the area was part of French-controlled Louisiana.

After a big war in the 1700s, Britain took control for a while. Then the land changed hands again between the United States and Spain. Parts of what is now Alabama were part of the Mississippi Territory before the state grew. Treaties and agreements in the early 1800s helped set the borders we know today.

Long before Europeans arrived, many different Native American peoples lived in the land we now call Alabama. Around 1000–1600 AD the Mississippian culture built towns with earthen mounds, grew crops like corn, and traded with other groups. One important place was Moundville, near the Black Warrior River, where people made fine pottery and jewelry.

When Europeans first came, tribes such as the Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Koasati, and Alibamu (the Alabama people) were living in the area. Each group had its own language, homes, and ways of farming and trading.

By 1860 Alabama had nearly a million people, and about 435,000 of them were enslaved African Americans. On January 11, 1861 the state left the United States and joined the Confederate States of America. Montgomery was the Confederacy’s first capital, and many people from Alabama served as soldiers during the Civil War.

After the war ended, slavery was ended by the 13th Amendment in 1865. Federal troops helped govern the state for a few years, and Alabama returned to the United States in 1868. During Reconstruction (about 1867–1874), African Americans held public office, including three congressmen: Jeremiah Haralson, Benjamin S. Turner, and James T. Rapier. In 1874 political control shifted, and new laws and a 1875 constitution led to segregated schools and other changes that shaped life in Alabama for many years.

Alabama's industry makes lots of different products. People work in iron and steel plants, paper mills, and wood factories. There are coal mines and businesses that make plastic and clothes. Big factories also build cars and trucks for people all over the world.

In the northern city of Huntsville, engineers and scientists build aerospace and electronic products. Huntsville is home to NASA’s George C. Marshall Space Flight Center and Redstone Arsenal. These places help Alabama make high-tech parts and give many people science and engineering jobs, so the state has both heavy factories and cutting-edge technology work.

The automobile industry has helped Alabama grow a lot since the 1990s. Big car factories for Honda, Hyundai, Mercedes‑Benz, and Toyota are in the state, and many smaller companies make parts for them. Since 1993, these car plants helped create more than 67,800 new jobs. Alabama also ranks fourth in the country for sending vehicles to other places.

Because of the car business and places like the Huntsville space center, visitors come to Alabama for tours, museums, and festivals. Some people visit to see factories, go to car shows, or learn about rockets and science, which helps restaurants, hotels, and fun local events.